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Homeotic selector gene
Homeotic selector genes confer segment identity in ''Drosophila''. They encode homeodomain proteins which interact with Hox and other homeotic genes to initiate segment-specific gene regulation. Homeodomain proteins are transcription factors that share a DNA-binding domain called the homeodomain. Changes in the expression and function of homeotic genes are responsible for the changes in the morphology of the limbs of arthropods as well as in the axial skeletons of vertebrates.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Homeotic selector gene - definition from Biology-Online.org )〕 Mutations in homeotic selector genes do not lead to elimination of a segment or pattern, but instead cause the segment to develop incorrectly.
==History==
The homeotic selector genes were discovered through the genetic analysis of Drosophila over 80 years ago. Unusual disturbances were found in the organization of the adult fly, resulting in misplaced limbs, such as legs developing where antennae usually develop or an extra pair of wings developing where halteres should be. This discovery provided a glimpse to understanding how each segment acquires its individual identity.〔
The first homeotic gene cluster, the bithorax complex, was discovered by Edward B. Lewis in 1978. Similar mutations in the complex were found to cluster together, leading Lewis to propose that these homeotic genes arose through a duplication mechanism which would conserve the clusters through evolution.
The independent discoveries of the homeobox in the 1983 by Walter Gehring's laboratory at the University of Basel, Switzerland, and Thomas Kaufman's laboratory at Indiana University confirmed Lewis's theory.〔Taubes, GA. Discovering the Homeobox. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute. 2012.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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